The use of ionic compounds in the important topic of catalysis is the main aim of this thesis. The importance of work with objectives (a) environmental and) b) economic is in continuing of development of catalyst applications in synthetic chemistry.
At first step, the simple and high yield synthesis of new functionalized organic–inorganic polyoxometalates hybrids of Me(Im)12) H4[PW11Cu(H2O)O39]. 3 H2O {(Me(Im)12- PW11Cu)} are reported. The new compounds consist of monovacant polyoxometalates of PW11O397-, Cu2+cations, water molecules and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride organic compounds. The structure of this new acidic catalyst was studied FT-IR, XRD, TGA and CHN techniques. Then, the synthesized ionic compounds has been used as a catalyst in the synthesis of Octahydroquinazolinone derivatives via one pot condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, urea or thiourea and dimedone under Microwave in water. The most important features of this method are high yields, clean reactions and the catalyst can be recovered and recycled.
In the second step, it was tried to pepare the acidic catalyst tetrapodal pentaerythrityl tetramethylimidazolium phospho-tungstate by the reaction pentaerythrityl tetramethylimidazolium bromide with phosphotungstic acid These catalyst were characterized by Elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, Mass, TGA. The catalytic activity of the catalysts was probed through one-pot three-component Mannich-type reactions of aldehydes, amines and ketones in water at room temperature. Catalysts have advantages, including a simple method to isolate products, low response time, elimination of toxic solvents. Theacidic catalysts were easily and rapidly separated and reused several times without any significant loss of activity.
Using magnetic nanoparticles as catalyst recyclability, fast, simple, effective and efficient catalyst recovery from the reaction mixture is possible without the need to lengthy, cumbersome and expensive centrifuge by using an external magnet. In addition to ease of isolation, this method increases the efficiency of catalyst recovery process, improving the purity of the products and high environmental and economic benefits will be rewarded. This is caused the magnetic nanoparticles be useful and practical tools in pharmaceutical, biotechnology and catalysis.
In the next step of ionic compound based on polyoxometalate anion supported on silica coated nanoparticle manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4@SiO2) was synthesized. Then 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (MnFe2O4@SiO2) was conjugated to the surface of (MnFe2O4@SiO2), the resulted (MnFe2O4@SiO2-Cl) was added to P-phenylenediamine and then the (MnFe2O4@SiO2@NHPhNH2) were obtained. The finally protonation of this (MnFe2O4@SiO2@NHPhNH2) by added phosphotungstic acid (MnFe2O4-PTA) were synthesized.
This catalyst was applied in the preparation Phthalazine and also pyran heterocycles. The newly magnetic nanoparticles were investigated with Elemental analysis FT-IR، TGA،SEM، TEM، BET، VSM، XRD and EDX techniques.
In the fourth step, the immobilized acidic ionic liquid on chitosan coated magnetic nanoparticles was prepared (MnFe2O4@CS@PTA).
For evaluation of its applicability in organic reactions, this acidic magnetic nanoparticles was utilized in the preparation of 1,3-Oxazolidin-2-ones derivatives via one pot condensation reaction of α-Epoxyketones with urea or thiourea at 60 °C in ethanol.
This catalyst shows high activity and give excellent yields. The catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused several time.
The results show that the particles are mostly spherical in shape and have an average size of approximately <30 nm.
 

 The use of ionic liquids in the important topic of catalysis is the main aim of this thesis. The importance of this work is respectively based on (a) environmental aim and b) economic aim which is in continuing of development of catalyst applications in synthetic chemistry.
At first, the acidic dicationic ionic liquid 1,4-bis(3-sulfonic acid imidazolium-1-yl)-butane chloride C4(SIM)2-Cl2 functionalization with sulfonic acid functional group and was confirmed by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, CHNS, and TGA/ DTG techniques. Then, the synthesized ionic liquid has been used as a catalyst in in the synthesis of dibenzoxanthene derivatives via one pot condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and 2-naphthol at 120 °C under solvent-free conditions. The most important features of this method are high yields, clean reactions and the catalyst can be recovered and recycled.
Next, by considering the significance of heterogeneous catalysts and immobilization of them as a solution to practical limitation, a feasible protocol was presented for the preparation of basic ionic liquid [C4 (MIM)2][OH]2 conjugated polystyrene resin and was applied in synthesis of 4H-chromene derivatives via three-component coupling of aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile, and 1-naphtol (2-naphtol or dimedone), in water. The structure of this polymer was studied by FT-IR، SEM، TG،DTG and CHNS techniques. Thermal stability of this anionic polymer (up to 300 °C by TGA), allows the possibility of using it for the reaction without decomposition and leaching of active species in the reaction media. The promising points for the presented methodology are clean reaction profiles, short reaction times, simplicity in operation, high catalytic activity and good recycle exploitation.
Using magnetic nanoparticles as catalyst, paves the way to have faster, simpler, more effective and more efficient catalyst recovery from the reaction mixture with no need for to lengthy, troublesome and expensive centrifuge by using an external magnet. In addition to ease of isolation, this method increases the efficiency of the catalyst recovery process, improving the purity of the products and high environmental and economic benefits will be rewarded. These feautures have made magnetic nanoparticles useful and practical tools in pharmaceutical, biotechnology and catalysis.
In the next step, ionic liquid supported on magnetic nanoparticles was synthesized and was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of dihydropyridine and polyhydroquinolines. The main advantage of this catalyst is easy recyclability with external magnet. At first, silica coated magnetite nanoparticles (SCMNPs) were synthesized. Then, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CPTMS) was conjugated to the surface of SCMNPs, the resulted solid (ClpSCMNPs) was added to the solution of sodium imidazole and, then, the 3-(1-imidazole) propyl-SCMNPs (Imp-SCMNPs) were obtained. The obtained Imp-SCMNPs and phthalic anhydride were reacted together and, finally, by protonation of this salt with hydrochloric acid (37%) AIL-SCMNPs were synthesized. The newly magnetic nanoparticles were investigated with FT-IR، SEM، TG،DTG and EDX techniques