The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of pollutants on the biochemical- physiological characteristics (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll contents, Carotenoid, solution carbohydrate, protein concentration, proline, acid ascorbic, Malondialdehyde, catalase enzymes, peroxides and ascorbic) and anatomical characteristics (cuticle variation, epidermal tissues, vessel element) and the area of leave on the species, Lycium Shawii Roemer & Schult and Alhagi mannifera Desf. These plants were collected from the contaminated and clean zones of Ahvaz, respectively, the Carbon Black and Naft Park in May 2016. Also, the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) was determined for both of the plants. The comparison of the results showed that as a result of air pollution the chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll contents and the solution carbohydrate have all been increased in the Lycium ruthenicum, whereas decreased in Alhagi one. The protein concentration, proline, Malondialdehyde and PH as well as activity of enzymes (catalase, peroxides and ascorbic peroxides) have been increased in both plants. The relative water contents and leave area have been all increased in both plants at pollutant area compared to the clean one. The results show that the Lycium ruthenicum by increasing the amount of flavonoids and carbohydrate tends to resist airing pollution via non-enzymatic antioxidant pathway, whereas the Alhagi by increasing activity of enzymes resists to air pollution via enzymatic pathway. The air pollution tolerance for Lycium ruthenicum and Alhagi were 12.464 and 10.942 respectivily.The calculation of APTI showed that both of the plants are sensitive to pollution and can be used as a reagent of air pollution.

 Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in the developed and developing cities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of air pollution on some physiological, morphological and anatomical factors of (Capparis spinosa L.) and Callistemon viminalis (Sol-ex Gaertn.) G.Don that has been grown up around Ramin Power of Ahwaz. Samples were taken from leaf of both plants from two clean and contaminated areas in May, 2016. Ramin Power was considered as contaminated area and campus of Shahid Chamran University was selected as clean area. The studied indexes in this survey included measurement of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, leaf carotenoid, soluble carbohydrate content, prolin, malondialdehyde, protein, activity of catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase enzymes, Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), ascorbic acid, leaf extract PH, percentage of water relative content of leaf amount, leaf area and anatomy features. The results showed that the amount of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, leaf extract PH of Capparis spinosa decreased in contaminated region, while it increased in Callistemon viminalis. Also, the amount of prolin, malondialdehyde, protein, activity catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and ascorbic acid in both plants increased in contaminated area while the percentage of leaf water relative content and leaf area was reduced. The changes in both plants were due to the presence of pollutant gases in the area. The Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) was measured for Capparis spinosa and Callistemon viminalis 14.627 and 12.207 respectively which shows that both plants are among most susceptible to the contamination

Soil pollution to oil hydrocarbons is one of the most important environmental problems in some parts of the country, especially around oil refineries and in southern Iran. On the other hand, the increase of industrial activities combined with the production of pollutants, including heavy metals, is another major problem facing the human being of the present day. Due to the importance of extending green spaces, especially in soils contaminated with hydrocarbons, identifying and introducing resistant and refining plants is very important. In the present study, considering two areas, one as a clean area (control) and another Infected area (petroleum region), on the one hand, the effects of air pollutants on morphological factors such as leaf area, dry weight and physiological content including the amount of pigments, soluble carbohydrates, proline, malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid, total protein, enzymes Antioxidant, RWC and pH of extract of leaves were investigated in two Glycyrrhiza globra L. and Lactuca serriola L.plants. Finally, the air pollution resistance index (APTI) in plants was quantitatively calculated. The statistical results obtained from the measurements were analyzed using MSTATC software. T and F tests were used to compare the mean values. The significance level was calculated at P <0.05 level. Observations based on morphophysiological changes showed that the studied plants were affected by the pollution and each of the two species adapted to the stressful conditions of the contaminated environment. Also, calculating APTI showed that both plants are contaminated with samples. In the last step, in order to determine the role of two herbaceous plants of wild lettuce and licorice in the planting process of the area, the concentration of Zn, Pb and Cadmium in the two herbaceous species was also measured, which during the experiments revealed that the infected area The study only has heavy metal on the zinc.

In this study the effect of air pollution were studied on features such as pritein, proline ,soluble carbohydrates, ascorbic acid ،photosynthetic pigments, catalas, Peroxidase, ascorbat proxidas, Malondialdehyde, pH, (RWC) Relative water content (APTI) Air Pollution Tolerance Index) and anatomical – morphologicall traits using two species including Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Ziziphus spina-christa. The Masjed Soleiman Cement Factory as an infected area and 40 km of the factory as clean area were selected and the plants from the two regions were randomly collected. Samples were taken from leafy leaves and from young branches from two polluted and clean areas in jone 2016.The results showed that air pollution causes significant decreaced in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and cartenoid ،protein and significant increaced in catalas ،Peroxidase, ascorbat peroxidase, soluble carbohydrates, RWC, pH, proline and amount Zn in two species. Malondialdehyde increased significantly in the eucalyptus and showed a significant decrease in Ziziphus. The amount of ascorbic acid in the eucalyptus increases significantly, along with the non significant increase. Samples were harvested This research was done by random sampling method with at least three replications for each plant. The significance level of the results was evaluated by using SPSS software and t-test with level of p ≤ 0.05.

In recent decades excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers has cause environmental problems and reduce the quality of agriculturial production. Nowadays organic agriculture is based on the use of bio-fertilizer such as olive pomace that is emphasized on production quantification as well as qualification, stability and fixity of production phase. Olive pomace is rich in essential nutriets for plant growth and contains high amounts of organic compounds, therefore in countries where poor water and soil poor in organic and inorganic materials, the use of this waste is very useful. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of different levels of olive pomace extract on some physiological and biochemical parameters of rice cultivar (Oryza sativa) was based on factorial study with completely randomized design with three replications at 5 levels of olive pomace extract (Control, 0, 3.5, 7, 10.5 percent) and rice varieties (Hamar, Firouzan, Hvyzeh) in the year1395 in the agriculture researches station of Shavoor dependent of the agriculture and nature resources center of Khuzestan province. Different concentrations of olive pomace extract as foliar spray applied during three stages: vegetative and reproductive. sampling has done in two stages: reproductive and ripening. Based on the results in the reproductive stage, the average fresh and dry weight of root and shoot and root length showed a significant increase compare to the control. Content of Chlorophylls (Chla, Chlb, Chltotal), solube carbohydrates, protein, prolin amino acid and enzyme activity (Catalase, Peroxidase & Ascorbate peroxidase) increased compare to the control and maximum of these parameters was observed as follows treatment with levels 3.5, 10.5, 3.5, 10.5, 3.5, 7 and 7% of olive pomace extract respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of leaf have been reduced in all treatments compared to the control and the minimum content of MDA of leaf at 3.5% treatment. Results of ripening stage also showed increasing shoot, leaf, spike dry weight and spike number compare to control.According to the positive results of application of foliar spray of pomace extract on growth parameters of plant, the use of this extract as bio-fertilizer is recommended.

 In this study, Phragmites australis (straw) was transferred from the infected area to the lab and some morphological characteristics (leaf area size, dry weight), anatomical (changes in wooden conveyors in terms of quality, texture changes Epidermal, cuticle changes, and physiology (measurement of photosynthetic pigmentation, soluble carbohydrates, protein and proline amino acid concentrations, malondialdehyde measurements, enzymes) and then, by measuring the air pollution resistance index APTI (ascorbic acid content , PH extract of leaf, chlorophyll content and relative water content of leaf (RWC), and comparison with morphological, physiological results The logic and anatomy of the studied plants are about introducing resistant species for development in the studied area. Also, after sampling, the samples are dried in standard ovens and the amount of heavy metals (lead, zinc and cadmium) in Three parts of root, stem and leaf of plants are measured using three atomic absorption spectroscopy.The statistical results of the measurements were analyzed by F, T tests and confidence intervals comparisons using the MSTATC statistical program. The charts were drafted using Excel (2007). Observations based on morphological, anatomical and biochemical observations have shown that the plant under study has been influenced by the pollution and in some way adapted to the environment of the environment and is in fact a type of harmful species. Suck Also, APTI calculation showed that this plant is a significant contamination sample and could be used as an identification of contamination in the area.

 Plants in effect air pollution show reversible and irreversible biochemical and physiological changes. So biochemical parameters can provide valuable information on the physiological conditions plants exposed to air pollution. Resistance and plant response to air pollutants different .This difference by factors such as concentration of pollutants and temporal distribution of their physiological activity, weather factors, status nutrition plants and other environmental factors caused. In the research, the effects of particulate matter on some of Physiological, Anatomically and Morphological factors in two species of plants Silybum marianum and Raphanus raphanistrum L was performed. Samples of the leaves from two plants (Silybum marianum and Raphanus raphanistrum L.) from two areas, around Izeh crusher factory as polluted area and around Azad university of Izeh technical and vocational unit as cleaned area in late January 1394 collected and transported to the laboratory. Morphological factors examined, including leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight. Also The Physiologic studies on pigments, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates, total protein, proline, ascorbic acid, malondialdehyde, percentage relative water content, pH leaf extracts, enzymes catalase and peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and resistance index were finally. Also with leaf adventitious cutting to compare the anatomical samples grown in area cleaned and polluted practiced. The statistical results obtained from the measurements, were analyzed based on three repeating. Also in any species of plant separately,the results Related to Clean and polluted area together were compared. The results showed that the amount fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll a, at both plants significantly decreased. Amount chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and percent relative water content of leaves decreased significantly in Raphanus raphanistrum L plant. Amount carbohydrate, proline, protein, ascorbic acid, peroxidase and catalase Enzymes were significantly increased in both plants. Amount The Ascorbate peroxidase Enzyme in raphanus raphanistrum L. plant increased significantly. Amount malondialdehyde in Silybum marianum plant significant increase but in Raphanus raphanistrum L plant were reduced significantly. Amount pH leaf extracts significantly reduced in the Silybum marianum plant and were significantly increased in Raphanus raphanistrum L plant. Also by examining the resistance index in the two plants was observed Raphanus raphanistrum L plant more resistance than Silybum marianum plant. Anatomic evaluation showed that the thickness of the epidermis and cuticle in the contaminated area in compare to the clean region increased at both plants. Due to creation physiological and anatomical and Morphological changes could be said to, both two plants with suitable responses well against the effects of stress resistance and are stable.

Reserch conducted on the effects of organic fertilizers on crops in world from various sources all suggest its usefulness in terms of soil fertility and increased product. In this study, the effect of olive mill waste extract and urea fertilizer on morphological, biochemical and physiological indicators of durum wheat was investigated and this study was conducted in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. In a treatment olive mill waste extracts of different concentrations (0, 2, 7 and 12%) and other treatment different levels of urea fertilizer (0, 25 and 50 percent conventional chemical fertilizer urea) and in the third treatment a mixture of olive mill waste extract and urea levels was used. Olive mill waste extract was used as a foliar spray of urea was added to soil. Treated plants are studied in three phases: seedling, vegetative growth and ripening stages. The statistical analysis of results was performed using SPSS software. Means are tested with Duncan's multiple range test statistics in 1 and 5%levels, respectively. According to the results of this study olive mill waste extracts increased plant leaf area at the seedling and commencement generative growth,the root length and plant weight at the commencement generative growth,the number seed in spike and spike length increased at the complete ripeness stage.Appling olive mill waste extract caused increased in the indexes amount enzyme activity ascorbate peroxidase and catalase,chlorophyll b and total,protein at the seedling stage.The amount enzyme activity ascorbate peroxidase,catalase,peroxidase and chlorophyll a,total increased commencement generative growth stage.Applying urea fertilizer caused increased area leaf, plant length, leaf weight, root weight and weight stem at the seedling stage. The leaf area,length plant,leaf weight and stem weight and the factors related to the plants function were increased at the commencement generative growth in addition there was no significant effect on the weight of thousand seed. Applying fertilizer urea caused reduced activity ascorbate peroxidase ,peroxidase, but amount chlorophylla, b, total, carotenoid, protein and catalase had increasing seedling stage. Applying ferltilizer urea caused decreased in the protein but al so amount photosynthetic pigments, activity ascorbate peroxidase,peroxidase catalase increased at generative growth stage.The results showed that the combination of olive mill waste and fertilizer urea caused increased leaf area, weight plant at seedling stage. The leaf area plant length ,plant weight and root weight increased at generative growth stage. The weigth spike, stem, seeds spike, number seeds spike showed increasedat complete ripenes stage but other factors related to the plant function did not change in this stage.The activity rate catalase and the amount of protein,chlorophyll a, b,total had increased at the seedling stage but activithy rate ascorbatperoxidase,peroxidase and carotenoid redused. The combination of olive mill waste and urea caused increased in the parameters related plant function at generative growth stage.According to the results of this study olive mill waste along with urea caused increased growth and function of durum wheat and instead of urea fertilizer alone, can be optimized with the use of biological resources for sustainable agriculture and reducing pollution caused by nitrogen fertilizer taking steps.

: Oil and petrochemical industries are of the largest industries in the our country and are a vital part of the National. These industries in our country are major sources of environmental pollution.
These pollutants can cause adverse effects on all living organisms and plants. In the present study the effects of air pollution on the physiological, biochemical (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, soluble sugar, MDA, proline, protein, ascorbic acid, enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase), morphological (of the leave including petiol, surface and dry weight) and anatomical (Changes cuticle, Xylem vessels, Epidermal tissue and etc) traits of two species in- cluding Conocarpus erectus L. and Nerium oleander L. were evaluated, Hence air pollution tolerance index (APTI) was obtained performed for these two plants. Petrochemical area as the polluted area and shaghaigh Park of Shadegan city as the clean area were selected and samples were collected randomly from these regions in Apri 2015. All experiments were done as triplicates and the results were analysis by General Linear Model using minitab (16) at p< 0/05 significant level. The results showed that air pollution, causes biochemical and morphological changes in both of these plant species. Each of them in some way adapted with environmental stresses. APTI calculation has shown that both plants are susceptible to contamination and can be used as an indicator of air pollution.
 

 In recent decades with regard to the environmental problems due to use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural lands and also compromising the quality of crops, sustainable agriculture was considered based on the use of biofertilizers such as olive mill waste due to high amounts of organic matter content and nutritional value. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), is a tropical plant and it growth is difficult at low temperatures. This study aims to determine the physiological and biochemical responses of different rice varieties following the application of the olive mill waste extract (liquid fertilizer) the determining desire concentration of liquid fertilizer, identifying suitable cold tolerant cultivars for winter-spring culture in order to bicultural twice a year in Khuzetan province. Experiment designed with both foliar olive mill waste extract and the split-plot arrangement using randomized complete blocks with three replications in March 2013. olive mill waste extract were sprayed during the growing season of winter-spring, in three stages, including vegetative, reproductive and maturity in 4 levels (0, 2.5, 5, 10 percent) in the main plots and varieties including ali kazemi , hashemi , gerde zanjan , mutan (MU-9-5) and hassan saraei were sprayed in sub-plots. In this study, some physiological and biochemical indices were investigated in three stages of vegetative, reproductive and matureity. The results showed that the average amount of plant height in each of the a forementioned three stages, has been reduced and the most reduction was happened in the control. As well as the average ear length in different cultivars of different concentration ratio was different. The average dry matter in the stage three, has most increased at the 10 percent concentration. The average dry matter of stem + sheath and total vegetative and reproductive stages showed increase and at the stage of the proceedings, showed a redoction. The average dry matter dry cluster represents an increase in maturity. So the most and least indexes were belong to hashem and saraei respectively. The average of LAI at the reproductive stage at all concentrations except 5 percent was at the highest. The most and least leaf area indexes were belong to kazemi at control concentration, and hasan saraei of 10 percent concentration. The chlorophyll a and b content showed reverse changes with different value at vegetative and reproductive stages which the most and least chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid was belong to kazemi and mutan, respectively. The total chlorophyll, chlorophyll and carotenoid had increasing in vegetative and reproductive stages and its highest concentrations was to 5 percent. Total soluble carbohydrate was fixed vegetative and maturity stages while it was increased at reproductive stage and its most content was at 10 percent. So the most and least content of soluble carbohydrate in mutan was happened at 10 percent concentration at vegetative stage and increase of hasan saraei was at control concentration at maturity stage. The soluble protein content was increased in the vegetative stage with most increase at 10 percent concentration in the reproductive stage, at all concentration had the most and some trend. The peroxidase specific activity had increased in vegetative stage and decreased in reproductive stage so that the most content had seen 10 percent concentration. Also the peroxidase specific activity in hashemi at 5 percent was the most and the least was seen gerede zanjan and mutan and control concentration. The catalase specific activity had increasing in vegetative and fixed an the highest in reproductive stage. The in both periods, the concentrations of APX specific activity was relatively declined. but at 10 percent concentration had increased. the most and last amounts was is mutan and gerde zanjan s. The in three stages vegetative, reproductive and maturity, the average of proline was in among all the varieties, the most amount was is Mutant varietiy. The amount of MDA indifferent concentration showed decreased pattern in comparision with control and its least concentration was at 10 precent concentration. Its most concentration was in mutan and garde zanjan varieties. The mean of proline in all mentioned stages was increased and its most concentration was at 5 percent. All results were analyzed at P≤0/01. Finally, with regard to the obtioned results due to the position effects of olive mill waste extract on the studied parameters, it can be recomend that this extract be used as biofertilizer.

 : The present research is a study on the effect of air pollution on anatomical and morphological factors and also leave biochemical activities of Ziziuph spina –christa and Dodonaea viscosa around the Abadan oil refinery as polluted region and Bayandor park of Khorramshahr as clean regions in November 2014. The under study morphological factors of the leave including petiole, surface and dry weight were measured. Also, biochemical studies were done on chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, soluble carbohydrate concentration, proline, ascorbicacid, malondialdehyde, total protein, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase. Furthermore, an anatomical study was performed on the leave sections prepared from plant samples grown in clean and polluted regions. Finally the air pollution index (APTI) was quantatively obtained. All experiments were done as triplicates, and the results were analysis by Independent Sample test using SPSS 20 at p<0.05 significant level. The obtained results show that based on morphological, anatomical and biochemical analysis the under study plant, were subjected to pollution stress and both species were adapted by pollution condition. In addition, the APTI represents that both plants are among susceptible species to pollution that can be used an air pollution indicators.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a monocots plant of Poaceae family. It is considered as most pivotal agricultural product and the basis of food for human. Presently, as a result of application of chemical fertilizers in order to increase growth rate and Yield, several environmental problem, have been emerged and threated human health. Biofertilizers are good alternative for overcoming these side effects. In present study the effect of Nizamuddinia zanardinii extract on physiological and biochemical factors of chamran 2 variety of wheat was as factorial design with three replicates. In first treatment different concentration (0, 5, 10 and 20%) of seaweed extract and in treatment, the seaweed extract with different concentration (0, 25 and 50%) of urea were applied. The seaweed extract was studied and urea was added to soil. The treated has been monitored during four phases: end of budding, seedling phase, commencement generative growth and complete ripeness. The results were analyzed using MSTATC software, means using Duncan test statistics 1 and 5%, respectively. The results showed, application of brown seaweed extract can lead to increase rate and yield of budding, the height of plant, fresh and dry weight of the shoot, root and leaf, leaf area and the factors related to the plant's function. Determining the changes in photosynthetic pigment, soluble carbohydrate content, protein and antioxidant enzymes activity peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase showed that brown algae led to a rise in the mentioned index compared to the control treatment. The combination of seaweed extract with 25% urea fertilizer caused significant increase in these parameters. Plants treated with algal extract a foliar spray substantial increase in proline, malondialdehyde and catalase activity compared to control, however brown algae extract, with different concentration of urea were reduced. According to this fact that seaweed is a large reservoir of amino acids, vitamins, growth hormones, are essential elements of high-power and low consumption, growth and yield of plants is attributed to the presence of these substances inseaweed extracts.

Nowadays, without using the different chemical and organic fertilizers there isn’t possible to produce enough agricultural products for the growing population. Over the past half century the agriculture products strongly depends on fertilizers and pesticides, it causes pollution environmental and human health risk. To solve the mentioned difficulties, it must to reduce the using of chemical fertilizers and poisons in agriculture and besides, trying to use the alternative methods for improving the soil in terms of materials and development of crops seems necessary. Therefore the organic farming seems to be required. In this matter the effect of the extract waste from olive oil extraction for feeding the plant by foliar spray for biochemical and physiological was studied and considered . Canola (Brassica napus I) plants belongs to the Brassicacease family and aseptic brassica among the oilseeds production it is the second in the world after soybeans. Factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications For planting in pots Agricultural Research Station Shavoor Agriculture Research Center and natural resources Khuzestan Was conducted in 1392. Pomace extract at four levels 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 Percent and for foliar application to plant and a level of chemical fertilizer (urea) the soil of a pot and non-sprayed (control) as the first and different amounts of seed (8,6,4 grams per square meter) of Hyola 401 as a second factor were considered.According to the pot (0/07 Square meters) the 0/4 ,0/6 and 0/8 grams of seeds were planted in each pot.The main factor or percentage of pommaee extract at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% in the form of foliar application to the plant, and chemical fertilizers to the soil of a pot and sub-plots included three planting densities of 0/4,0/6,0/8 grams canola per square meter. Spraying to the shoot was applied in three stages: seedling stage, the beginning of flowering, and in the making capsules stage. The results of chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids showed that; the amount of these factors with spraying at different concentrations of pomace extract to canola has a significant increase compared to control. The results of measuring the protein content at all concentrations compare to control have increased but it has decreased in %10. The results of the fat content in different concentrations were not statistically significant. Study of root and shoot dry weight, bush height, leaf area, total dry weight of capsules per plant, the weight of capsule, seed thousand weight, number of seeds per capsule and also yield influenced pomace extract in most concentrations in all three sprayed stages has increased compared to control but with increasing the concentration it hasn’t changed. The results showed positive effects on growth indices of Rape as well as increased yield, because of impact of pomace extract, and the best used concentration was 7.5% at 8 grams of seeds per square meter in term of growth indices of Canola, increasing the yield and subsequently increasing the oil yield. So it seems that the use of the fertilizer a good alternative to increase the yield of canola Compared with chemical fertilizers and use it to increase the oil yield, the oilseed is recommended

 In this study the effects of air pollution were studied on features such as Proline, Soluble carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, photosynthetic pigments and anatomical-morphological traits using three species including Alhagi maurorum, Medicago orbicularis and Melilotus officinalis. This study has been done on two main areas: the first one as polluted area in industrial zone of Hafft-Tapeh and the second was around a village named Seyyed Musa located 5 kilometers north of Shush Danial city. This village was selected as a control area in our study. The plants were collected randomly from these two regions. The results showed that air pollution causes significant reduction in Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, total Chlorophyll and Carotenoids in the plant.
Proline affected by air pollution has been significantly increased in Alhagi maurorum and Medicago orbicularis. Ascorbic acid levels were significantly increased in all three plants treated with air pollution.
Air pollution decreased the amount of soluble Carbohydrates in Medicago orbicularis and Melilotus officinalis in contrast to Alhagi maurorum. This change was not statistically significant in all three plants. A significant reduction was quantitatively detected in 11 morphological characters in the three plants (except for petiole width of Medicago orbicularis, stem length of Medicago orbicularis and Melilotus officinalis and root length of Melilotus officinalis).
Also the results of the anatomical factors indicate that a significant reduction was taken in the mean of xylem diameter in Medicago orbicularis and Melilotus officinalis. Moreover, a significant reduction was seen in the mean of phloem diameter of Melilotus officinalis. The phloem diameter was significantly increased in Medicago orbicularis. A significant reduction was happened in the mean of diameter of the petiole epidermal cells of Medicago orbicularis. The mean of diameter of xylem was significantly reduced in the petiole of Alhagi maurorum. On the other hand, according to our results, the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) suggests that each of these three plants can be taken into account as sensitive plants in response to the air pollution.