objectives: Insulin hormone is being secreted from the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans existed in pancreas. Increasing of the blood glucose, stimulates the secretion of this hormone and resulted in increasing the number of glucose receptors on the membrane surface and increasing cell membrane permeability. Several studies have confirmed that the combination of insulin and chemotherapy drugs can help increase the amount of drug entry into cells in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to increase the effect of Doxorubicin drug by insulin in damaged liver tissue.
Material and Methods: In this study, N-diethyl nitrosamine (200 mg/kg) and doxorubicin (8 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally and as the next step, insulin at a dose of 2 units per 100 grams was injected subcutaneously. The animals included in this study were 49 Wistar male rats that randomly divided into 7 groups as follow. Group 1: Control; Geting normal saline. Group 2: Receiving insulin since the week 9. Group 3: Receiving Doxorubicin (DOX) since the Week 9, Group 4: Receiving diethyl nitrosamines (DEN) since the first day of the study, Group 5: Receiving DEN and DOX, Group 6: Receiving DEN and Insulin, Group 7: Receiving Insulin, DEN and DOX. After the 11th week, blood samples were collected from animals and then the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase enzymes , bilirubin, alpha fetoprotein, albumin, creatinine, urea, lipids and lipoproteins were measured. Liver tissue isolation was also performed for histopathological examination.
Results: The results showed that the ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH enzymes increased in groups 4, 5, 6 and 7 compared to the control group and decreased in group 3 but changes in group 7 was higher than the other groups. Bilirubin, creatinine, urea, as well as cholesterol and triglyceride were increased in groups 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 compared to control group, which showed liver and kidney damage. Albumin and HDL decreased in groups 3 to 7 compared to control group but more changes was found in group 7. LDL levels increased in groups 4, 5 and 6, and decreased by groups 3 and 7. There were no changes in the , alpha fetoprotein concentration in the different groups. The histopathologic findings of the liver tissue in the treated groups also showed inflammation and necrosis, that their severity in group 7 was higher than other groups.
Discussion: This study shows that Insulin injected Insulin, along with the drug, helps to the cellular toxicity of the drug and can use the ability of this hormone to better chemotherapy drugs

 objectives: Zinc ion is the second essential element in living organisms that it is necessary for enzymes activities e.g. alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. This ion also takes part in biological processes as human growth, immune response and nerve function. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of dietary zinc sulfate on serum biochemical parameters in normal and alloxan-induce diabetic rats
Material and Methods: in this study, 40 female rats were divided into four groups, including normal rats, zinc sulfate treated normal rats, diabetic rats and zinc sulftae treated diabetic rats.
Diabetes was induced by Intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate diabetes and the blood glucose levels higher than 120-250 mg / dL were considered as diabetes induction.
Zinc sulftae treated groups were given 0.3mg/L of zinc sulfate dissolved in tap water and the normal and diabetic control groups were given tap water for a period of three month during this study. All animals were fed ad libitum. Finally all animals were killed and their blood samples, liver and pancreas tissue samples were obtained for further assay. Serum levels of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphates, lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-amylase were measured. Plasma concentrations of uric acid, creatinine, urea, lipids and lipoproteins, hemoglobin and hematocrit were also measured.
Results: Our findings indicate that in diabetic animals, all the measured enzymes except alkaline phosphatase are increased significantly, however 13% increase in alkaline phosphatase is not statistically significant. Zinc sulfate consumption leads to overal reduction in serum enzymes, which is only significant for aspartame aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes.
Otherwise zinc sulfate consumption increases aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alpha amylase in normal group. This invreament is only significant for alanine aminotransferase and alpha amylase. In diabetic animals, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, creatinine, uric acid and urea are all increased significantly. Zinc sulfate reduces these parameters to some extent so as to triglyceride is decreaesd significantely in normal and diabetic groups, while cholesterol only decreased in normal animals, urea, creatinine and uric acid were decrease in diabetic animals significantly. In diabetic animals, albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit and HDL are all decreased significantly. Zinc sulfate feeding in normal animals and diabetics increases hemoglobin, hematocrit and albumin, which is only significant for hemoglobin and hematocrit in diabetic animals. While albumin is not significant for both groups. Consumption of zinc sulfate in normal animals not significantly increases HDL concentration.
Discussion: Zinc is a necessary element for body metabolism and its maintenance but however its excess accumulation can affects tissues function as liver

 Diabetes mellitus and thyroid function disorders are the two most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Data available on the effect of hypothyroidism on insulin level and glucose and lipid homeostasis are inconsistent. So the main aim of this study is to assess the effect of Long-term hypothyroidism on insulin secretion , glucose metabolism and histological changes of pancreas. In the first stage 20 adult Wistar male rats were divided in two groups of control and hypothyroid. hypothyroid group were drink tap water containing 0.02% propylthiouracil and control groups of males and females were drink tap water. In the second stage 15 adult Wistar female rats were divided in three groups include control, mild and overt hypothyroidism based on available sources. Animals were kept for a period of two months with free access to food and water. Mild hypothyroid group were drink tap water containing 0.02% propylthiouracil, overt hypothyroid females were drink tap water containing 0.05% propylthiouracil and control groups of males and females were drink tap water. Based on the relevant recipe after 5 weeks of administration of propylthiouracil glucose intraperitoneal tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed for hypothyroid and control males rats. At the end of this period animals were anesthetized and blood samples were taken from their hearts. Liver and pancreas samples were taken out for histological study. Insulin level reduced to about 50% of normal in hypothyroid males. After 5 weeks of administration of propylthiouracil glucose tolerance test did not have any significant difference between hypothyroid and control groups. Sructure of langerhans islets in the hypothyroid group did not have significant changes compared with the control group. Histological structure of the liver were similar in two groups. The only visible difference was mild steatosis in hepatocytes which accompanied with dyslipidemia. Our results of studying females indicated that insulin hormone increased and fasting glucose reduced similar to males although differences were not significant. Hypothyroidism in male and female rats caused dyslipidemia but no severe damage to the liver.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease appears in young adults, which affects central nervous system. During the disease course immune system attacks and destroys the myelin tissue which results impaired neuron signaling. Targeting the immune response and inflammatory pathways are the most practical ways to find cure and designing new drugs. Cytokines are measured as a criterion to evaluate the disease progress. They devide to inflammatory and anti-inflammatory classes, every group has certain effects. NF-κB pathway is the responsible inflammatory pathway which regulates cytokine production. Different receptors can activate the NF-κB pathway, one of the most popular is toll-like receptor 4. This receptor is mostly activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which exists in the wall of gram negative bacteria. Other compounds which can bind to the LPS binding site might act as antagonists and suppress the inflammatory process. In this study hydroxytyrosol, Captopril and Ascorbic Acid which can bind to LPS binding site on receptor, have been chosen to investigate further inflammatory effects. In this project the binding capability of compounds to receptors was evaluated by docking procedures. All three bind to LPS binding site. Then cell culture technique used to investigate the effects of hydroxytyrosol, Captopril and Ascorbic Acid on cytokine production in peripheral mono nuclear cells. Secreted Interleukin 10 and Interferon gamma have been measured by ELIZA kits. Captopril and Ascorbic Acid didn’t show specified effects on inflammation. In Hydroxytyrosol treated cells which showed suppression on inflammation, gene expression of RelA, interleukin 10 and 12, also showed decrease in inflammation and increase in antiinflammatory cytokine. In overall this project shows anti-inflammatory effects of Hydroxytyrosol which is mediated by NF-κB pathway and can suppress MS progress. Also further investigations are necessary to determine the exact effect of Captopril and Ascorbic Acid.