Abstract : Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer of the digestive tract and is the common cause of death from gastrointestinal cancer worldwide. This cancer accounts for 10% to 15% of all cancers, and it is the second cause of death from cancer in western countries. The main factor for its occurrence is not known exactly. This cancer is in women in 3th position in ranking after lung and breast cancer, and in men after lung and prostate cancer. Despite the improvements in treatment such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, these patients are still facing a major challenge to improve survival and quality of life. Today, one of the important factors in the study of cancers is genetic factors in both aspects of prognosis and treatment, and among them, LncRNAs are in the focus of researchers in recent years. In our study, we aimed to analyze and compare the expression of the HOTAIR, the HOXC13 and the HOXC13-AS genes in 39 tumor and margin normal tissue samples in individuals with colorectal cancer. For this purpose, tumor samples and normal tumor margins of patients with colorectal cancer were prepared and RNA extracted from tissue samples. Finally, real time PCR technique was used to examine the Relative expression changes. According to the results, there was no significant increase in the expression of targeted genes in tumor and normal samples. the correlation coefficient showed a strong association (r = 0.75) between the relative expression changes of the HOTAIR and the HOXC13 genes, as well as a moderate level of association between the HOTAIR with the HOXC13-AS (r = 0.57) and the HOXC13 with the HOXC13-AS genes (r = 0.43). Therefore, in contrast to some provious reports, these genes did not espressed increasingly in colorectal cancer, but there might be to be a possibility of a co-expression between these genes.

 Gastric cancer is a common cancer in Iran and world wide. In Iran, more than 80% of patients with gastric cancer are being diagnosed in late stages. Whose routine treatments are not effective on their increase longevity and metastases will finally lead to their death. Thus, there is a necessity to identify underlying molecular mechanisms involved in onset, progress, and especially invasion and metastases of gastric cancer. Identifying these mechanisms results in intoducing biomarkers for prognosis, early diagnosis, and finally cancer therapy. IncRNAs one of the genetic elements with high structural and numerical diversity that their importance in onset and progress of many cancers such as gastric cancer has been known. IncRNAs have longer half-life than other RNA molecules in body fluids such as blood and urine due to having more complex secondary structure. Thus, they can be used as diagnostic molecular biomarkers in detecting and following up the cancer. It has been demonstrated that incRNA molecules can migrate to and influence other tissues through the blood. Therefore, different synthesized types of incRNA molecules can be used as cancer therapy drugs. Oncogenic role of the HOTAIR and the HOXC10 genes has been identified in different cancers especially in gastric cancer. There is a significant relationship between increased expression of these genes and cancer. The HOXC-AS3 is a long non-coding gene adjacent to the HOTAIR and HOXC10 genes for which limited information is available. In this study, the expression of these three genes was evaluated in 60 (paired) fresh-frozen tumoral and non-tumoral gastric specimens provided from the Iran Tumoral Bank. Specific primers for these genes were designed and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was done to quantify the relative expression of these three genes. Significantly, increased expression was observed for the HOTAIR and the HOXC10 genes in tumoral than adjacent non-tumoral tissues. Whereas, there was not a significant association between relative expression of the HOXC-AS3 gene by comparing tumoral and non-tumoral tissues.The interrelationship among expression of the HOXC-AS3, the HOTAIR and the HOXC10 genes was evaluated as well. There was no association between the expression of the HOTAIR and the HOXC10 genes. An intermediate positive association was observed between expression of the HOXC-AS3 and the HOTAIR genes and a intermediate positive relationship was observed between expression of the HOXC-AS3 and the HOXC10 genes.

 Introduction: The protective function of the HOX family as a transcription factor plays a central role in determining the pivotal design during the formation of the body's original design in the evolution of organisms. It has been proven that this HOX family plays an associating role in the development of neoplasia. Duplication of entir sence in the HOXC locus is associated with a large number of cancers, including the sarcoma, gastrointestinal, liver, brain, lung, bladder and melanoma. The role of LncRNAs as tumor suppressor gene or oncogenes has also been proven in several types of common cancers. It has been shown in various studies that increasing the expression of the HOTAIR and the HOXC13 plays a significant role in tumorigenicity.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the expression of the HOTAIR, the HOXC13 and the HOXC13-AS genes in 30 gastric tumor and adjacent normal pair tissues. RNA was extracted from these samples, and then cDNA synthesis and subsequent Real time PCR were done.
Results and Conclusion: According to the results, the expression of the HOXC13 and the HOTAIR genes in the tumor tissues were significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in comparison to the normal tissues. But, the expression of the HOXC13-AS showed no significant difference in tumor samples compared to the normal one. In conclusion our study suggested that both the HOTAIR and the HOXC13 genes might play critical role in tumorigenesis.

<p>Background: <br /> Thalassemia is one of the most common hereditary blood disorders and considered to be a major public health problem. This disease causes in moderate to severe anemia; depend on the genetic defects underlying the disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms could be a potential factor in disease Severity. At present, Most of clinical diagnostic methods are based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. Therefore, due to the benefits of prenatal genetic screening, the use of sensitive, low cost and rapid methods for the clinical diagnostic is valuable.<br /> Methods: The purpose of this study is developed a reverse dot blot (RDB) assay for the rapid and simultaneous detection of six frequent &beta;-globin mutations in Khuzestan population: HbS, HbC, IVSII-745, IVSII-848, -28 and -88. Then, we predicted the genetic variation that occurred in 3'UTR of 20 transcript genes which can be a reason for phenotypic variation.<br /> Results: This method due to design specific probe, has high selectivity and no signal background. Under the optimum conditions, detection limit was 70 ng genome per sample. The method was successfully applied to diagnosis of &beta;-thalassemia mutation in blood and Chorionic villus samples. We have evaluated a computational procedure to determine the SNPs in the 3'UTR region of mRNA of HBB, HBG1, HBG2, Col IAI, Catalase Gene (CAT) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme family genes which will be a potential cause for thalassemia Symptoms.<br /> Conclusions: The results demonstrate that our reverse dot blot assay is an easy, reliable, high-yield and cost effective method for genetic screening. Subsequently based on this research SNPs could be considered as an effective factors in reducing symptoms of &beta;- globin mutations.<br /> &nbsp;</p>

 Introduction: Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare pleiotropic disorder characterized by
primary features including retinal dystrophy, obesity, Polydactyly, mental retardation,
hypogonadism in men, and renal abnormalities and a wide range of secondary manifestations.
Primary cilia dysfunction explains pathogenesis of the disease. To date, mutations in 18 genes
have been known as the cause of the disease. BBS is typically inherited in an Autosomal
recessive mode, however in <10% of cases digenic (triallelic) inheritance has been reported.
Methods: A blood sample was collected from the patients and their parents. Isolation of DNA,
Amplification of all exons of the BBS1, BBS2, BBS10 and BBS12 and directly sequencing
analysis of all these genes were performed.
Results and Conclusions: The molecular analysis of causative genes showed a novel
homozygous missense mutation (p.L19R) and a previously reported nonsense mutation
p.R386X in exon 2 of BBS12 gene in patient1 and patient2 respectively. Since the novel

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the precise cause of MS is currently unknown, both genetic and environmental factors have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles DRB1*1501, DQA1*0102, DQB1*0602 may have an important genetic effect. However, this is controversial in different population studies. Our aim was to investigate HLA-DQB1*0602 frequency in Khuzestan population.
Methods: The present study focused on HLA-DQB1*0602 frequency in 200 MS patient and 200 healthy control from khuzestan. Female /male ratio was 4:1. HLA typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) method.

Results and Conclusions: sixty one and a half percent of patients were positive with this subtype. Due to high frequency of this allele in our patient population, we evaluated its frequency in 200 sex and age matched healthy individuals for probable association among HLA DQB1*0602 and disease, But 58.5% of patients also were positive and no significant association were found statistically. This result is in line with the most studies in Asia including in Iran and contrasts with other studies in European populations.
 

Background: Overexpression of Bcl-2 is frequently observed in several types of cancers and
it is one of the prognostic markers in breast cancer. The importance of the Bcl-2 protein as
ideal therapeutic target is the dual role of inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy-mediated cell
death. Thus, the bcl-2 targeting may be a strategy of choice to improve treatment efficacy and
overcome drug resistance to cancer chemotherapy. For this reason, we designed the siRNA
mediated silencing of the Bcl-2 gene in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effective Bcl-2 gene silencing
by our homemade siRNA, more than previous study. Our data demonstrated that specific
inhibition of the Bcl-2 by siRNA induces approximately more than 90% gene silencing.
Materials and Methods: MCF-7 Cell lines were treated by homemade Bcl-2siRNA for the
first time and control siRNA that was transfected with nanoparticle. The cells harvested at 24,
48 and 72 hours and transcription level of Bcl-2 was examined by Real Time -PCR analysis.
The drug sensitivity was detected by using LDH assay test. Finally Anexin V-FITC test was
performed for evaluation of apoptosis.
Results: In the present study, results showed that targeting the specific sequence of the Bcl-2
by our homemade siRNA in the MCF7 cell line and its effect was more obvious in 24h in
contrast to 48h and 72 h.
Conclusions: The results indicated that almost complete down regulation of the Bcl-2 mRNA
level by our designed Bcl2-siRNA is possible in the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma
cells.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of this disease is still unknown, although there are evidences of environmental factors affecting subjects with genetic predisposition factors. The contribution of HLA DRB1*15 extended haplotypes (HLA DRB1*1501, DQA1*0102, DQB1*0602) to MS risk has been replicated and confirmed in most population-based studies. However, studies of some populations have produced varying results. The aim of this study was to investigate HLA DRB1*1501 frequency in Khuzestan province.

Materials and Methods: A total of 200 patients with multiple sclerosis from Khuzestan province were investigated in this frequency study. The male to female ratio was nearly 1:4. 87.7% of patients classified as relapsing remitting (RR) and other patients were as progressive relapsing (PR), primary progressive (PP) and secondary progressive (SP) MS. HLA typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) method. The patients with HLA DRB1*1501 show tow bands at 197 bp and 356 bp, but the patients without this allele show only one band at 356 bp(internal control band).
Results: 41.5% of patients were positive with this subtype.

Conclusion: This frequency is in line with another studies in Iran and some studies in different part of the world.
 

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease. It is the most common cause of neurological disability especially in young adults. MS results from interplay between unidentified genetic and environmental factors. Frequencyof some human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes such as class II alleles DRB1*1501, DQA1*0102, DQB1*0602 is considered to effect MS disease. The HLA DQA1*0102 allele has been associated with susceptibility to RA in several population. Our aim was to estimate the HLA-DQA1*0102 frequencyand associationwith MS in patients Khuzestan province.

Materials and Methods: In this study, the frequency and association of HLA DQA1*0102 was investigated in 205 patients with multiple sclerosis from Khuzestan Province and 202 controls. Among the patients with MS, 80% of them were classified as RRMS and other patients were as PPMS, SPMS and PRMS. HLA typing for DQA1*0102 was performed by PCR-SSP method.

Results and Conclusion: HLA-DQA1*0102 allele frequencyin patients was 60% (n=123/205) and in controls was 73% (n=147/202). Data analysis using SPSS 16statisticalsoftware and the chi square test shown a negatively association between the HLA DQA1*0102 and multiple sclerosis (P=0.006).This is the first study that investigateHLA-DQA1*0102frequency and association among MS patients in Khuzestan. Our results are in line with some previous reports in another country.