A thermally induced shape memory polymer (SMP) was designed based on Ethyl cellulose and Poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL). Ethyl cellulose and PCL are well known for being biodegradable and biocompatible. However, Ethyl cellulose was used as backbone of the network and PCL was grafted to it by Ring opening polymerization of the ε-caprolactone. PCL chains were end-functionalized with Diels-Alder adducts, Furan and Maleimide, by two step esterification. PCL was employed to play the role of the soft segment of the polymer network. Furthemore, The hard segment was achieved by cross-linking the polymer using Diels-Alder reaction between Furan and Maleimide. However, the polymer network was proved by FT-IR. Then, the thermo-responsive synthesized polymer was programed to fix a certain temporary shape above transition temperature. Subsequently, the polymer was recovered to its permanent shape upon heating to 41 °C. Thermal and mechanical analysis and shape memory effect of the network were studied by DSC and DMTA techniques. The SMP demonstrated the R_(r,tot) = 87.85% and R_f= 89.95% after two cycles. Moreover, the synthesized polymer was recyclable and re-processable which was due to the fact that the Diels-Alder reaction is thermally reversible, therefore a .new memory (permanent shape) was developed in the polymer

 Due to the growing importance of using fixed Reagents on porous polymeric bases as active compounds with increased efficiency and also their high selectivity in different fields of study specially in organic synthesis, herein it is tried to investigate the efficiency of polymeric reagents on the basis of calix[4]resorcinarene as hydride donors for the one-pot regioselective reduction of some chalcogenopyrylium perchlorate salts.
In the first step, two methods are applied to examine for the preparation of borohydride containing polymeric supports on the basis of calix[4]resorcinarene through the post functionalization processes. In the first method, addition of BH4- to the mentioned polymeric support will result in producing the desired reagent. The second method is consisted of the initial addition of pyridinium site containing ionic liquids to the cationic polymer on the basis of calix[4]resorcinarene and then the anion exchange process of the structure will create the desired product. In order to investigate the efficiency of these reagents, their application as highly regioselective reducing agents for some chalcogeno pyrylium salts’ reduction has been examined.

 In this thesis, an acidic 3D-network polymer was synthesis via two post- functionlized steps. Initially, the active homogneous catalyst was chemically immobilized onto a polymeric support based on calix[4]resorcinarene by silylation of the hydroxyl groups to form a cationic polymer that contains imidazolium moieties. The formation of this cationic polymer was confirmed by CHNS, SEM, TGA, and DTG techniques. Subsequently, HSO4 anion was incorporated into the polymer along the imidazolium pendant groups via a well- known ion exchange reaction. Elemental analysis data revealed that the cationic polymer was conveniently loaded with the desired Bronsted acid anion; therefore, it provides a novel heterogeneous acid catalyst for achieving synthesis goals. The catalytic ability of acidic polyme as a novel environmentally safe heterogeneous catalyst for the preparation of 2H-indazolo [1,2-b]Phthalazine trione and Xanthene derivatives via a one-pot multicomponent method under solvent-free conditions has been described.

Increasing global population is a threat to food security and agricultural sustainability. Since the emergence of agriculture, weed control was serious concern has been the main problem for mankind. Cereal is the most important crop on earth, and the diversity and production in human nutrition have the greatest contribution and among these are wheat as the main part of this group special importance to account for, so weed control in wheat fields always serious and challenging issues facing agriculture. The use of chemical herbicides and synthetic pesticides to weeds control is increasing nowadays, increased use of these compounds have been caused harmful environmental effects. Allelopathy has offered a pragmatic approach in association with the natural weed control. Plant secondary metabolites that enter the environment and their most important role is to defend the plant against environmental stresses, called allelochemical. The purpose of allelopathy in weeds control is using of these compounds to control of weeds. Use of plants that have significant allelopathic effects is the perfect option for achieving this goal.
In this research project used the folin-Ciocalteu assay to determination of allelopathic compound such as phenolics and reducing power assay to study of antioxidant activity of olive pomace extract. To study of allelopathic properties of olive pomace, the effects of pomace examined on biological, physiological and morphological factors of avena fatua which is considered one of the most important weeds in wheat fields. Ethanolic and n-hexane extract in different concentrations of different methods were applied on the seeds of avena fatua.
According to the results obtained can be stated that pomace containing antioxidant and phenolic compounds show significant allelopathic effects on avena fatua seeds and in specific concentrations causes inhibition of germination and growth of this weed.
 

Algae have multiple biological properties therefore; the natural products that isolated from them have been interested for elimination of harmful microorganism and the preservation of foods from toxic effects of oxidants.
In this research project, the study has been made on, ” Hypnea boergesenii” a Red algae from Chabahar sea against Several species of pathogens, including bacteria on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Enteritidis and three species of fungus including, Candida albicans and Two species of dermatophytes including Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum and As well as to compare the effects with standard antibiotics, including Streptomycin, Methicillin, Meropenem, Gentamicin, Imipenem, Vancomycin, Trimethoprim and Ciprofloxacin for the bacterias and Miconazole, Metronidazole and Canazole for fungus at in vitro.
Antibacterial properties of the extracts was evaluated by disk diffusion method and anti funguls properties was done by well diffusion method and the inhibitory zoon was determined. The result shows that all of the microorganisms were sensitive to the extracts. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for bacterial and fungal growth was determined in addition, the minimum bactericidal concentration was determined.
This researches also, including measures of antioxidant activity by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method and DPPH assay.
Determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid content also was done. The total phenolic content was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the Total flavonoid content was measured by the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay.
This study was an experimental that including the extracting of algae powder by just ethanol 70% and the other extracting was done by four solvent consecutively (Hexane, petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol) and then all of then the extracts were dried by using freeze dryer.
The results of this study show that, all the extracts have a good anti-microbial and anti-oxidant potential
 

Abstract:

In this research, for the first time, a 3D-network polymer-supported borohydride anion was synthesized via two post-functionalization steps.
Initially, the homogeneous ionic liquid was chemically immobilized onto a polymeric support based on calix[4]resorcinarene by silylation of the hydroxyl groups to form a cationic polymer that contains pyridinium moieties. The formation of this cationic polymer was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis. Subsequently, borohydride anion was incorporated into the polymer along the pyridinium pendant groups via a well-known ion exchange reaction.
It is noteworthy that the synthesized polymer supported reagent is insoluble in various solvents, including water, methanol, ethanol, ethylacetate, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and chloroform. These features render its suitable for using as a solid-supported reagent in various reaction media.
Under this light and considering this fact that regioselective reduction is one of the most important classes of organic reactions from the academic, industrial and pharmaceutical points of views, we decided to investigate the application of this cationic polymer as a solid-supported reagent for an efficient and regioselective reducing reaction.
Reactivity and selectivity of the synthesized polymeric reagent were investigated in the regioselective reduction of some of the triarylpyrylium salts carrying electron-donor or electron-withdrawing groups on phenyl substituents of heterocyclic ring for synthesis of valuable dienone derivatives.
The remarkable advantages offered by this simple methodology are short reaction times, ease of product isolation and purification and good yields of the target products. Moreover, the reaction proceeded without the need for any additives such as catalysts.
 

  In this thesis, the reaction of sodium nitrite with some of the triarylpyrylium salts carrying
electron-donor or electron-withdrawing groups on phenyl substituents of heterocyclic ring for
synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds in the presence of ionic liquid were investigated.
According to the long reactions time for the reaction of pyrylium salts with sodium nitrite in the
solvent and in order to preceding the green chemistry aims, these reactions were performed in the
presence of ionic liquid as a solvent.
Using the ionic liquid as green and efficient solvent for the synthesis of isoxazole and furan
derivatives eliminates the toxic and hazardous solvents in chemical processes in addition to
accelerate the reaction. The results revealed that the products obtained in good yields and very short
reaction times.