In this thesis, the systematic study on the development of supported catalysts for the synthesis of organic compounds has been performed
The unique structure and properties of crown ethers (CEs) have made them a popular choice for a wide range of investigations. In continuation of ongoing research into the employment of grafted diformyl dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 ether as excellent phase‐transfer catalyst and a stationary micro‐vessel, we performed them in the synthesis of heterogeneous catalyst in organic transformations. we report our results on the preparation of a novel magnetic nanocomposite, γ‐Fe2O3@HAp‐Crown, and employed in the nucleophilic substitution reactions. we have developed the easy way to operate, short reaction times, simplicity in operation, high catalytic activity, safe and cost‐effective method for the preparation of benzyl thiocyanates, azides, cyanides and acetates in water by nucleophilic substitution reactions 
Also, in the course of investigations into the development of porous inorganic-organic hybrid nanocomposite, and the synergistic effects of the combined properties of the highly porous surface of magnetic hydroxyapatite, and cyclodextrin cavity, in organic transformations have been reported. The versatility of this protocol allowed the synthesis of a diversified library of phenacyl derivatives with high yields
γ-Fe2O3@HAp-CD was conveniently synthesized via the grafting of β-cyclodextrin moieties on the hydroxyapatite surface, followed by reacting of the nanocomposite with silver nitrate and then its reduction with sodium borohydride. The cavity of β-cyclodextrin units as host material can stabilize the Ag nanoparticles effectively. This catalytic system selectively reduces the nitro group even in the presence of other sensitive functional groups in good to excellent yields
To demonstrate the catalytic activity of MCM-41-Crown, the MCM-41 engineering was successfully performed by surfactant (CTAB) and hydrolysis of TEOS, then MCM-41-Crown was synthesized via the grafting of dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether moieties on the MCM-41 surface (MCM-41-Crown) and has been used in multicomponent reaction. The versatility of this protocol allowed the synthesis of pyran annulated heterocyclic compounds via three-component coupling of isatin, malononitrile and 4-hydroxycoumarin/ 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone in water
At the end of, studies are focused on Pd loaded on MCM-41-Crown. The cavity size of the crown ether is 2.6-3.2 Å in diameter. Hydrophilic Pd (0) atoms have a radius of 1.37Å, which makes them suitable to be enclosed in the crown cavity. Further, the crown has an open structure, and thus, can allow Pd (0) orbitals to engage in the Heck coupling reaction.
In this study, new heterogeneous nanocatalysts have been synthesized and used in the organic reactions such as nucleophilic substitution, Heck coupling, reduction, multicomponent and phenacyl derivatives synthesis
Depending on the catalyst, the structural properties of catalyst was systematically investigated by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, TGA, XRD, EDS, BET and VSM
The availability and recoverability of the catalysts, easy work-up, short reaction times and high isolated yields are advantages of these procedures 

In this thesis, the synthesis of new set modified mesoporous silica as recyclable, clean and efficent catalysts and their applications in syntheses of organic transformations and activites medicine were studied.
In the first, silica nanoporous materials of type SBA-15 was obtained in the presence of pluronic P123 (EO20PO70EO20, EO = Ethylene Oxide, PO = Propylene Oxide) as a structure directing agent and (EtO)4Si as silica precursor under acidic conditions and then nanovalves SBA-15 was functionalized with different organic groups such as acidic, basic, lipophilic and ionic liquide unites.
Synthesized nanocomposites in this project are:
1. The nanocomposite "SBA-IM-NH2" obtained from linking CPTMS on the nanovalves SBA-15, followed by replacement of chlorine with imidazole and then the resulting nanocomposite reacted with 2-bromo ethylamine hydrobromide. This nanocomposite was successfully used as a new solid basic catalysis for preparation of benzopyranopyrimidine derivatives by the one-pot pseudo three-components reaction of salicylaldehydes, malononitrile and secondary amines under ultrasonic and solvent free conditions.
2. The nanocomposites "SBA-IM/SO3H" from linking at the same time the 3-chloro propyl trimethoxysilane and 3-mercapto propyl trimethoxysilane on SBA-15, followed by replacement of chlorine with imidazole and oxidation of SH groups to SO3H was synthesized. The nanocomposites was used as a new solid acidic-basic catalyst in the synthesis of derivatives of 2-amino¬-4-¬cromen- 4-yl-phosphate in solvent free conditions under ultrasonic.
In this research, an easy removal method for Rodamin B from water samples also by "SBA-IM/SO3H" as an adsorbent has been studied. Box-Behnken was employed to investigate the effect of different operating parameters on the uptake of Rodamin B using SBA-IM/SO3H nanocomposite.
3. The nanocomposite include agents lipophilic and basic "SBA-IM-NH2/R" was synthesised. In the first step, this nanocomposite of simultaneous reaction (3-chloro-propyl) trimethoxy silane and cetyl trimethoxy silane with SBA and Followed by replacement of chlorine with imidazole and reaction nitrogen imidazole with 2-bromo-ethyl amine hydrobromid was obtained. The nanocomposite with basic ionic liquid and a high lipophilic properties was used as the host for the support of nanoparticles palladium on it. The efficiency of this nanocomposite was examined in Heck reaction.
4. The superparamagnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared by co-precipitation reaction of Feп and Feш in the basic ambient. The surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by coating silica was created specie Fe3O4@nSiO2 and then CTAB in the present of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was added into Fe3O4@nSiO2. In the next stage, CTAB was removed by soxhlet for creation cavity on the surface of SiO2 and mesoporous silica encapsulated Fe3O4 @ nSiO2 @ mSiO2 was prepared. In continuance, 3-chloropropyl trimethoxysilane grafting onto the substrate, followed by reaction nanocomposite with sodium imidazole and 2-bromoethyl amine hydrobromide, nanocomposite "Fe3O4 @ nSiO2 @ mSiO2 @ Pr-Imi-NH2.Ag" was used as host to support the Ag nanoparticles. In result the catalytic activity the basic magnetic nanocomposites with ionic liquid property were investigated to reduce the nitro arenes to amines aromatic in aqueous.
5. The super paramagnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared by co-precipitation method of Feп and Feш in the basic ambient. The coverage silica was done on the surface of the magnetic core of Fe3O4 nanoparticles through hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and then functionalized mesoporous encapsulated by insert CPTMS on it, followed sodium β-cyclodextrin conjugated as an efficient microvessel and host system for reaction reduction ketones to the corresponding alcohols.
Depending on the type of synthesized nanocomposites, the structural properties of catalyst was systematically investigated by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, TGA-DTA, VSM, BET and XRD.
The in vitro antibacterial activity of nanocomposites SBA-IM-NH2 and Fe3O4@ nSiO2@ mSiO2@ Pr-Imi-NH2.Ag have been evaluated against two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). All nanocomposites exhibited good activities along with the standard antibacterial drugs. The DNA cleavage activity has been studied by agarose gel electrophoresis method and also the ability to separation of enzymes and possibility purified enzymes using these compounds were studied.
 

Silica is usually used as support in heterogeneous catalysts due to its easy availability, low cost and thermal and mechanical stability. Morever, in the last decade, ordered mesoporous silicas such as SBA-15 and its functionalized family with a tunable pore structure and tailored composition have received considerable interest due to their potential applications. For this reason, in this thesis, systematic study on the development of supported catalyst for synthesis of organic compounds has been performed. At first, the (N,N′-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride precursor was synthesized by the reaction of 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane with 4,4′-bipyridine, (TEOS)2 BiPy+22Cl-. The organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite, SBA@BiPy+2 2Cl-, was then synthesized by hydrolysis and polycondensation of the precursor and tetraethylorthosilicate under mild acidic conditions in the presence of poly(ethyleneoxide)-b-poly(propyleneoxide)-b-poly(ethylene- oxide), Pluronic P123.
The nanocomposite was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET). The characteristics results of FT-IR, XRD and TGA confirmed the coexistence of silica and 4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride networks. The catalytic ability of SBA@BiPy+2 2Cl- as a novel environmentally safe heterogeneous nanoreactor towards the preparation of phthalazine, dihydropyrimidine, octahydro quinazolinone and pyranopyrazole derivatives via one-pot multicomponent method under solvent-free conditions have been performed. The catalyst can be reused without an obvious loss of the catalytic activity. The methods offer several advantages including high yields, application of an inexpensive catalyst, short reaction times, easy workup and performing multicomponent reaction under solvent-free conditions that is considered to be relatively environmentally benign.
 

<p>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;Abstract :&lt;br /&gt; In the first step phosphosulfonic acid was prepared as a solid acid. For evaluation of its applicability in organic reactions, this solid acid was utilized in the preparation of 2H-indazolo[1,2-b]phethalazine-triones, dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes and octahydro-xanthenes. It was concluded that this catalyst was efficient enough for the synthesis of these derivatives; in which the products were prepared with short reaction times and high yields.&lt;br /&gt; In the second step, it was tried to immobilize 1,4-butane sultone on poly(4-vinyl pyridine). It was found that P(4VPBSA)HSO4 catalyst has the acidic activity of 1.94 mmol/g H+. This catalyst was applied inmulti-component reactions for the preparation of 1,8-dioxo-octahydro-xanthenes, 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols and substituted quinolines. This catalyst was also applied in the preparation of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles.&lt;br /&gt; In the third step, the immobilized ionic liquid on silica coated magnetic nanoparticles was prepared. This catalyst is both acidic and magnetic, which enables its facile separation through external magnet. This catalyst has the acidic activity of 0.691 mmol/g H+. For the evaluation of its catalytic activity, it was applied in the preparation of 1,8-dioxo-octahydro-xanthene derivatives.&lt;br /&gt; In the fourth step, it was decided to utilize clinoptilolite, a natural zeolite, as a nanoporous catalyst in the preparation of 4H-benzo[b]pyran derivatives.&lt;br /&gt; In the fifth step, the polymeric ionic liquid,Poly([Allyl-DABCO-(CH2)4SO3H](HSO4)2), was prepared as a solid acid. The acidic activity of the catalyst was determined to be1.47 mmol/g H+. This catalyst was efficiently applied in the preparation of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols.&lt;/p&gt;</p>